I’ve noticed this myself that the rents are not so far out of line with mortgage pymnts in CV assuming 30yr fx, 20% down. It’s definitely not positive CF, but it seems to be less out of whack than other areas. I think (1) is the likely answer. You should compare current CV ratios to historic CV ratios or similar areas, rather than regional or national averages that have too much noise. So, what is unique about CV that gives it strong rent demand? e.g. seasonal beach/del mar rentals, close to jobs, etc