If you go to http://www.dof.ca.gov, the entire state budgets going back at least a decade are posted. You do have to be somewhat of an expert to read it, but generally you are correct in your percentages, in terms of General Fund spending. There is a document called the 7A or Salaries and Wages supplement which is usually published in March, which lists salaries for all state government departments. If you take the salaries and wages document info, and then look at the Governor’s proposed budget, it uses that bottom line and then details new/proposed changes (new positions or salary increases), a line for staff benefits, and a line for operating expenses and equipment. That is usually (99 percent of the time) the “state operations” budget of state departments. Listed separately is a line for local assistance, which shows funding that is passed through the state to local governments. Much of the education and health/human services spending falls into this category. Corrections is by far the largest “state operations” expenditure.
Anyway, just a starting point if you are looking for info. The 7A has all positions, not just GF so you would need to look at the budget document to get the fund splits. There are many departments that don’t get General Fund, including most of the Resources and EPA agency budgets. The actual Budget Act (the law that is supposed to be passed every year on July 1) contains a control section at the back of it, 3.60, which identifies the percentages of salaries the state must contribute to retirement/pension benefits. Most state employees are in Tier 1 Miscellaneous, but law enforcement and public safety are identified separately.
An important thing to remember is that the Governor’s Budget is only “proposed,” the Budget Act is the actual budget, because it reflects changes the legislature has made through the enactment process. So to see Budget Act expenditures in the Governor’s Budget, you will need to look at the middle, or current year column, because it would reflect existing law.