Forum Replies Created
-
AuthorPosts
-
docteurParticipant
As a land subdivider, I know that a lot of single family home developers use rolling options on subdivisions, so they can develop in phases and treat each phase as if it was a separate build out.
For example, let’s say they want to take down a 150 lot subdivision with the first phase being 25 lots and the remaining phases the same (six phases of 25 lots each).
There are certain costs — fees, mass grading, architecture, engineering, improvement plans, etc. which represent an upfront load that may take two or three phases to recapture but the last three phases could work on a stand alone basis as they move through the buildout.
If the market tanks, the developer walks on the last few phases, the landowner retains the balance of the final map /subdivision with mass graded lots and attempts to resell them again to another developer, holds them until the market recovers or sometimes builds out the project himself (much lower land basis).
I have heard that several large builders (and condo converters) are letting go of their marginal deals that are under option and focusing only on deals that make sense in a softening market (those deals that were purchased a few years ago and still have plenty of upside).
I recently read that one large public builder in particular let go of several optioned projects across the country, at a cost of $ 5 Million in lost option consideration (just a cost of doing business).
By using options, builders minimize their exposure and reduce market risk and, as opposed to buying, also show no debt on their books (a big plus for a public company) while controlling a project as if they owned it. It also improves dramatically their Internal Rate of Return (IRR) because they have much less cash out at any one given time. So a difficult deal under a purchase scenario can pencil quite nicely on a rolling option scenario.
So, builders have other choices than to continue building out a losing project. Believe me, they have learned a lot during the last few housing recessions. These are large, well diversified and extremely successful companies that operate in many markets across the US. Many of them have been in business for several decades and are often passed from father to son. They’ve made it through past recessions and they will make it through this one too.
docteurParticipantThanks. I hope everyone on this forum is having fun this summer and not worrying too much about the impending “correction.”
I am having a great summer…so much fun in fact, I have not had a lot of time to keep up on this forum. Surfing, sailing and swimming this time of year are activities that can oftentimes take all day because of our beautiful weather!
Lots of good stuff being posted though and I will do my best to stay on top of it! Sometimes it takes me hours just to catch up but it is definitely worth it.
docteurParticipantSDRealtor – Great data. Just the facts, Mam. Thanks!
docteurParticipantPerryChase – Thanks for your comments but I have to disagree with them. SDRealtor has a better handle on what’s involved in building a house.
I have been subidviding and selling land to builders for 30 years. I see their proformas and know how much they earn.
Builders make a lot LESS than you think. Booking profit is done through large volume and quick turnover in dollars, not high margins. Building is an extremely competitive business and builders keep one another in line in their efforts to bring buyers into their subdivisions.
$ 100 per foot for a new home (cost) is high. With the economies of scale, you can build a very nice tract home for $ 80-$ 85 per foot in today’s market (upper end and possibly more for less expensive homes — at basically the same spec level, a larger tract built home can oftentimes be cheaper per foot than a smaller one).
A custom or spec built home is a whole different analysis and in some areas can be as much as $ 300 per foot, depending on the level of spec. The cost to remodel a home can easily reach $ 400 per foot, depending on the improvments (my brother is a contractor and just finished an addition on a home on a flat lot that was $ 425 per foot because the home was older, demolition cost and matching of materials was difficult, etc.)
In the old days the rule of thumb for merchant builders was 1/3 for the land (finished lots, ready to go vertical), 1/3 for construction and 1/3 for overhead and profit.
Those ratios disappeared at the start of the last boom as land prices began to soar, in part due to the fact that entitlement processing took longer and longer because of the massive increases in environmental restrictions. (The last land deal I did took 15 years to bring to market – long lead times add to higher home prices because of the huge processing and holding costs of land).
Today, land can be as much as 50% of the cost of the new home (and higher with single built spec homes), and if construction is as much as 40%, it doesn’t leave a whole lot for the builder for profit and overhead. Again, merchant homebuilding is very risky because of long lead times.
An actual case in point from a recent transaction I participated in: Land $ 500,000 for a finished lot (all costs and fees); Construction $ 82 per foot (including financing), with the average size home being 3,800 SF. Projected sales price (homes are still being built and will hit the market in late fall): $ 900,000. Gross profit margin to the builder before taxes: 9.8%
The above analysis is fairly typical in today’s market. And margins are falling as prices are falling and the market is softening. At the height of the building craze on this last go around I saw margins as high as 20%, but those builders had bought the land years ago and entitled it themselves (they did not purchase “retail” lots).
But to say prices across the board will fall far below replacement cost, just doesn’t sit square with me. Again, the entire construction and building industry would disappear and we would be in deep caa caa. We better pray it doesn’t get to that.
So, although retail pricing may reflect $ 200 -$ 300 per foot or more, depending on the market area (my current home in Carmel Valley was purchased new at $ 308 per foot (with about $ 150,000 in builder upgrades) in 2003 and was recently appraised at $ 588 per foot, but I also put in about $ 300,000 in landscaping and other improvements. Will my home fall to a value of $ 294 per foot (50% drop) to a resale value of just under $ 1 Million?
I seriously doubt it. Again, I just don’t see prices falling across the board to a level that is far below replacemnet cost. There would be no incentive to build anymore and then existing housing stock would start to increase in value until an equilibrium was reached in pricing that caused builders to come back into the market.
Quite frankly, I am amazed at some of the predictions made on this forum. Just because someone says it doesn’t mean it is so. As I have said time and time again, nobody knows what is going to happen and the best we can do is simply observe, without emotion, the trends and then follow them.
Additional comment:
Daniel – Thanks for your perspective but again, long lead times are what keep land prices and indirectly, home prices high.
One recent deal I did went down as follows: Land Cost in 1988 dollars – $ 1.2 million; Processing Costs $ 5.3 Million (including carry). Sales price to give investors a reasonable return on capital: $ 30 Million. Time to bring to market (start home construction): 18 years.
There was tremendous risk in this deal and we didn’t get our approvals until 2003 (so for 15 years we didn’t even know if we would recapture our $ 6.5 Million, let alone make any profit). For nine years I negotiated with the Resource Agencies and almost got my land turned into a park. For that kind of risk, you want a decent return or you will move into other kinds of investments (which I have now done. It’s just way to risky at this point in the game to subdivide land in California, especially San Diego).
Again, long lead times (in California anyway) just kills you. In Texas you can get entitlements in some areas in 90 days. By the way, San Diego is one of the most environmentally restricted areas to build in the nation. We have huge bio-diversity here due to the climate and extremely aggressive environmental agencies and laws. Only Kauai Hawaii is worse as far as I know.
Believe me, these things keep land prices and indirectly building cost artificially high. The stuff you see going up now, especially in master planned communities, was designed and planned in the early 80’s and in some cases took twenty years to bring to market. Land prices are holding up remarkably well and I don’t expect to see any dramatic adjustments anytime soon. Most land guys I know would rather hold through a downturn than sell out at a hugely reduced price.
docteurParticipantSo, is the consensus on this forum that housing prices, assuming they drop 35% – 50%, will fall far below replacement value?
Most builders work on 10%-15% margins (in good markets and a lot less in bad ones). A 50% drop puts a new home (or a resale) at a price way below the cost to build that home (including the land).
Is that what is being predicted here? Not only will land values have to fall a long way but also the cost of all construction materials and labor. With commodity prices increasing I certanly don’t see that with materials and the cost of labor can’t fall too much either.
Honestly, if homes values fall 50% on a mass scale, the entire building industry, not to mention all those related businesses, at least those which pertain to residential construction, will collapse and disappear from the landscape.
July 24, 2006 at 10:05 AM in reply to: Differences Between The Tech Bubble and the Real Estate Bubble #29439docteurParticipantPS – Yes they probably did reset at lower rates. But I am curious at what rate most of the suicide loans were qualified? Was it the start rate or a fixed rate?
Because now that I think about it, I got a great start rate but had to qualify, full doc, at the fixed rate at the time, which was back in 1986.
Can a realtor or a mortgage person on this site tell me how those loans were made recently, say within the last two years?
July 23, 2006 at 2:22 PM in reply to: Differences Between The Tech Bubble and the Real Estate Bubble #29357docteurParticipantPS – I got an adjustable rate mortage many years ago and was not qualified at the teaser rate but at a rate that I believe was equal to the teaser rate and the cap on the rate.
Are there any mortgage brokers out there that can clarify how these suicide loan borrowers are qualified, even though it might not make a difference if it was a “stated income” loan, because the borrowers could lie to meet the qualifications anyway. Just curious…
docteurParticipantSD Realtor – I spoke with a neighbor who knows the buyers and she said they are solid and plan on closing sometime in August. The seller is a young guy who successfully flipped another property in Santa Barbara about two years ago and then rolled into this one. His plan was to keep it but I guess he couldn’t afford it after he booted the renters out and put in several upgrades before selling. But we’ll see how it goes…
docteurParticipantAs an aside…5562 is also in escrow.
docteurParticipantThanks…that is good news.
docteurParticipantSDRealtor – What is the address of the house that is pending?
docteurParticipantI have to agree with SD Appraiser. Zillow is all over the place — high in some areas and low in others.
It is worthless as far as giving an accurate picture of value is concerned, especially in a market such as we now find outselves. Total rubbish.
The home next door to me just went into escrow at a sale price that was more than $ 300,000 above the current Zillow value. I’m sure when that sale closes in a few weeks, the value of my home will magically increase and jump another $ 300,000 (or more).
Here’s another example: Scott Street and San Antonio Place in Point Loma have a row of houses right on the bay. Zillow lists two properties I am interested in (not on the market) one at $ 801,000 (a double lot) and another at $ 1.13 Million.
Both properties have a private dock (there are only five homes on San Diego bay with a private dock) and the minimum value of either of them is easily north of $ 6 Million (I would buy either one of them at that price in a New York minute).
Those values Zillow has for that area are probably based on very old sales (because no one sells in that area except maybe once every few years). The last listing on San Antonio Place was a new home (which was recently pulled off the market – why I have no clue) which was listed around $ 7 Million and another spectacular home to the west was listed at $ 9.95 Million (off the market also).
The most recent comp I have in the area with access to a private dock was a home that sold about two years ago for $ 5 Million plus in overbid. That homes shares a private dock. Zillow has the home next to it valued at $ 1.01 Million. I WISH I could buy that home at that price.
Zillow isn’t even close in value on any of the homes in that area, which number in the dozens.
Only a fool would rely on Zillow’s valuations.
docteurParticipantCFO – I do not believe we will see equilibrium at today’s levels at all. My experience is that inventory is peaking and will fall off over the next several months as will sales. At some point, it will be a slow tradeoff of inventory and sales. Where that is, I haven’t a clue.
I agree with you some folks will be hurt but in my mind certainly not 90% of the income earners in this country.
I know of many people who sold at lofty prices and downsized or rented, taking sizable amounts of cash with them to other areas of San Diego and some even out of state.
Others who bought the big house, thinking they could do the same, now realize that they can’t so they will simply stay put and choose not to sell.
I believe the “have to sells” are a much smaller percentage than most. People usually sell their homes to move into a larger home or a different locale. Forced sales are a small amount of the overall market activity. And yes, the less fortunate will sell at the worst possible time. That is part of a free marketplace.
And no, it isn’t fair. But it is reality.
I for one bought the home I intend to die in and own it free and clear. There is no amount of money anyone could offer me to sell and no place else I would rather live. I have many friends who purchased their homes with that same state of mind. So, my experience of this market is obviously quite different than yours.
I commend your concern for those that will take the hit and your willingness to continue to keep as many as possible employed in what could be an ugly outcome. Maybe there are more “minority share” business owners like you out there that will soften the blow down the road and help this irrational market to unwind in an orderly fashion.
I for one am also creating opportunities for others to continue working and earn a decent living. I believe we all want this current situation to resolve itself with as little pain as possible and the uglier it gets, the more we will rise to the occassion.
I believe that we will adjust gradually and it won’t be as bad as some people think. After all, we are in this together.
Nobody has certainty on this and no one knows the outcome. So, I for one will continue to observe the markets, make adjustments as necessary and do my best to keep others informed as to what I see unfolding. I will also do my best to keep the emotion out of it and plan responsibly for the many contingencies that can arise in the future.
I can only tell others what I believe and what I intend to do based on my experience of similar situations. I cannot predict what will happen nor would I ever tender advice to others (except maybe that they spend some time on this website).
Thanks for sharing your perspective and for participating in this forum. Each point of view enlightens us all.
docteurParticipantI agree with SDR. In my experience (not a prediction of things to come, just what I have observed in the past), inventory peaks along with prices and then continues to rise as sales fall off. (Obviously, the less homes sell, the more the inventory will linger).
The more folks think they can “get” for their homes, the higher the percentage of those that list to test the waters. Greed is the motivating factor and I believe a lot of the listings out there are people who are late to the price run ups trying to squeeze that last dollar out of their homes (the old “darn, I should have sold yesterday” crowd).
Once a “pricing” threshold is reached and folks realize they can’t get what they “want” for their homes and they don’t sell at those lofty asking prices, inventory starts to fall off as those testing the waters simply pull their homes off the market (as opposed to inventory falling due to sales).
That’s why sales were falling off and prices were continuing to rise in some areas. Price exhaustion was being reached and now in most areas it has already has been achieved.
An inventory/pricing equilibrium will be created at some constant level of inventory and then a long period of flat sales will result, along with some price reductions from those that “have to sell.”
Then when everyone accepts the new pricing paradigm and readjusts to the cooling market, sales prices may then start to fall more rapidly because only “real” sellers will be in the market (those that must sell and if they do, inventory will decrease even more).
In my experience, folks who have to sell hate to sell in a falling market and wait to the last minute to sell because they keep hoping the market will improve.
But all that takes time (several years maybe). It won’t happen overnight and it won’t be an instantaneous crash. I would describe it as a long, hard, drawn out landing, where the market is skidding to a stop on a slippery runway.
When prices fall to a certain level (very low), inventory will also fall because many folks will refuse to sell at those “really low prices” (those that don’t have to sell anyway) and real estate will go into a holding pattern.
That was my experience of the last real estate cycle and is my experience so far of this market. Not a prediction, just an observation.
-
AuthorPosts