Have the government own the natural resources and use the revenues from oil sales to improve the infrastructure and living conditions of the 5 million people. Obviously, the government would have to already have the capital available to fund the development of automated system.
If the government didn’t have the money to fund the automated system, then lease the rights to the oil to the rich guy and include a revenue sharing agreement where the government gets at least 70% (pulling that percentage out of the air for now) of the net profits.